MODEL INOVASI KURIKULUM DI ABAD KE-21: STUDI PERBANDINGAN ANTARA SISTEM PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA DAN INDONESIA

Muhamad Fauzan, Dedi Hermon, Febriandi Febriandi, Erianjoni Erianjoni

Abstract


The development of 21st century education requires curriculum innovation that responds to globalization, technological advancement, and the need for skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity. This study aims to analyze curriculum innovation models, learning approaches, teacher roles, as well as inhibiting factors and philosophical foundations in Indonesia and Malaysia. A qualitative comparative method with an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) design was applied, involving teachers, principals, and education stakeholders selected through purposive sampling, with data collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically. The findings show that Malaysia emphasizes Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) through structured systems such as KSSR and KSSM, supported by strong institutional mentoring, while Indonesia promotes flexibility through the Merdeka Curriculum and Project-Based Learning via the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5). Both countries apply inquiry, analytical, and product-based learning models to strengthen 4C competencies, although implementation in Indonesia tends to be less consistent due to variations in teacher readiness and infrastructure. The role of teachers in both contexts has shifted toward facilitators, yet Malaysia demonstrates more structured support through coaching, mentoring, and counseling systems. Key challenges in both countries include large class sizes, diverse student abilities, and gaps between policy and practice. The study concludes that curriculum innovation in both countries shares similar goals but differs in systemic support and implementation consistency, highlighting the need for stronger teacher capacity development and contextual policy adaptation to ensure effective 21st century learning.

Keywords


curriculum innovation, 21st century skills, Indonesia and Malaysia comparative study

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30601/dedikasi.v10i2.7851

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